On the right side of the Avalokiteśvara bodhisattva is a kundika ewer outlined in black and gold on a transparent base. A kundika ewer containing purified water invariably appears besides the bodhisattva in Goryeo Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara paintings. The kundika ewer was originally used by Indian monks to hold water, but its meaning and use expanded. It became a Buddhist ritual vessel in the early 5th century when the stories of Avalokiteśvara healing people, which appeared in the Qing guanshiyin jing sutra became popular in China.